Research Report on charging pile industry: development status of charging pile industry in China aft
1、 Target industries
With the vigorous development of new energy vehicle industry, the demand for some related supporting facilities is also rising, especially for the charging pile industry, which brings huge development space. The charging pile is a kind of charging device which can convert the electric energy from the power grid into the electric vehicle on-board battery. Similar to the gas dispenser in the gas station, it can be fixed on the ground or wall and installed in public buildings, shopping malls, public parking lots and residential areas or charging stations. It can charge various types of electric vehicles according to different voltage levels. As an important part of the new energy vehicle industry, charging pile is one of the restricting factors for the development of new energy vehicle industry.
2、 Macro environment
At present, China's electric vehicle charging pile industry in policy incentives and market demand driven, has formed a good industrial foundation. At the policy level, since the second half of 2015, policy subsidies have been combined, and national and local support policies have been issued intensively to promote the comprehensive development of the new energy vehicle industry, and the construction of charging pile has ushered in an accelerated period. At the social level, various forces have deeply cultivated the charging pile industrial chain, promoted the industry to develop in a stable and benign direction, and the effective profit model gradually emerged. In terms of market demand, the strong growth of new energy vehicles provides an endogenous driving force for the charging pile industry.
3、 Classification of charging points
There are four main ways to classify electric vehicle charging pile, and the most common one is installation site classification and charging mode classification. According to the installation site, it can be divided into public pile, special pile and private pile; according to the different charging methods, it can be divided into slow charging (AC charging), fast charging (DC charging), battery replacement (battery changing) and wireless charging.
Figure 1-1 classification of charging points
Research Report on charging pile industry: development status of charging pile industry in China after horse racing
1. Installation site classification
Charging piles can be divided into public piles, private piles and special piles according to the installation location. The service objects and charging methods of the three types of piles are also different.
Table 1-1 classification of installation sites
Research Report on charging pile industry: development status of charging pile industry in China after horse racing
2. Classification of charging methods
There are various charging modes for power batteries. According to the charging speed and charging scale, there are four charging modes for electric vehicles: slow charging (AC charging), fast charging (DC charging), battery replacement (power station changing) and wireless charging.
Table 1-2 charging mode of electric vehicle
Research Report on charging pile industry: development status of charging pile industry in China after horse racing
Specifically, the AC slow charging pile technology is simple and mature with low cost, but the charging efficiency is low and the operation value is low. The AC pile has low requirements for power grid, and can be directly connected to 220 V Civil lines. The power of single pile is 3.5 kW and 7 kW, so it is not necessary to transform the power grid and is convenient for maintenance.
DC fast charging pile has high power and fast charging, but its cost is high and its implementation is complex. It is suitable for specialized centralized operation and maintenance, and its development direction is high power and intelligent. DC charging pile converts alternating current into direct current with input voltage of 380V and power of more than 60kW. Therefore, it is required to build special network and harmonic suppression device. Therefore, it is mostly equipped in centralized fast charging station. Large volume transformer and AC / DC conversion module are required for DC pile, and the manufacturing and installation cost is about 0.8 yuan / W, and the total price of 60 kW DC pile is about 50000 yuan (excluding civil engineering and capacity expansion).
High efficiency and high cost of battery replacement are required for commercial vehicles. Compared with the charging mode, the power exchange mode has two advantages: one is that the battery rental replaces the purchase, which reduces the initial purchase cost of the user; the other is to change the peak load, which can relieve the pressure of urban electricity consumption. At present, there are charging and replacing integrated power stations in the market.
Wireless charging technology is still in the stage of research and development, and has not been applied on a large scale. It mainly includes electromagnetic induction type, radio wave type and magnetic resonance type. Wireless charging equipment has great changes to the current vehicle structure, and the technical and patent barriers are high.